Israel's government has spent the past three years punishing allies that broke with it over Gaza and running campaigns to manipulate the voters who elect them. In Canada, a Tel Aviv firm ran fake Canadian accounts that four Israeli officials told The New York Times their government paid for, a claim the ministry denies; Israeli border officials turned back six MPs; Israel pulled its military attaché out of the country; and Israeli ministers told the world Canada was no longer safe for Jews. Norway lost its diplomats' status, Ireland lost Israel's embassy, two Spanish cabinet ministers lost the right to enter Israel and Britain lost its consulate in East Jerusalem. Israel's budget for propaganda aimed at foreign audiences has risen almost a hundredfold since 2023, to about US$730 million this year.
The accounts from Tel Aviv
United Citizens for Canada appeared on Facebook on 18 February 2024. Within weeks its accounts were swarming the replies under CBC News, under the host Rosemary Barton and under Canada's National Observer, warning Canadians about "Sharia in Canada" and pushing what the Atlantic Council's Digital Forensic Research Lab called "Islamophobic narratives directed at Canadian audiences." More than 50 Facebook accounts, 18 on Instagram and more than 100 on X carried the message. Its website, uc4canada.com, sat on the same server as four other sites in the same network, according to the Israeli watchdog FakeReporter.
Meta traced United Citizens for Canada to STOIC, a political marketing firm in Tel Aviv, and said it "originated in Israel and primarily targeted audiences in the United States and Canada." Meta deleted 510 Facebook accounts, 11 pages and 32 Instagram accounts and banned the firm. OpenAI found STOIC had used its models to write articles and comments and said the operation "targeted audiences in Canada, the United States and Israel." In the United States the same operation went after members of Congress, among them Hakeem Jeffries, Raphael Warnock and Ritchie Torres, with posts urging them to keep funding Israel's military. In Canada a second cluster of more than 50 fake X accounts went after Pierre Poilievre, Jagmeet Singh, Andrew Scheer and Anthony Housefather, with what the lab called "evidence possibly linking" them to STOIC.
Israel's Ministry of Diaspora Affairs ordered and paid for the campaign, at a cost of about US$2 million, four current and former Israeli officials told The New York Times; Haaretz reported the same on 5 June 2024. The ministry "categorically" denied "any involvement in disinformation campaigns." Global Affairs Canada said its Rapid Response Mechanism "has been able to corroborate elements of these claims," could not "decisively" pin the network on a state and "conveyed our concerns over these allegations directly to the Government of Israel." No attribution has been published since.
Israel's consulate general in Toronto, four months before the accounts appeared, had secretly commissioned a poll on the Gaza war through Aurora Strategies Global, a firm run by the Liberal strategist Marcel Wieder, The Breach reported. A pollster who reviewed the questions told The Breach they were "completely and totally loaded." Liberal supporters in a WhatsApp group discussed getting the results in front of the Prime Minister's Office. Respondents were not told a foreign government was paying. The consulate did not answer questions about it.
Israel's Ministry of Justice retained the Toronto law firm Torys from 2019 to 2021, leaked ministry emails show, while a Winnipeg man, David Kattenburg, was in court trying to stop settlement wines being sold in Canada as "Product of Israel." Torys advised Israel on Canadian food rules, drafted talking points for meetings with Canadian officials and sent lawyers to watch the hearings. The emails were published by Distributed Denial of Secrets and reported by The Breach in March 2026. Torys, the ministry and Global Affairs Canada did not respond. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency refused to comment, calling the correspondence confidential between states.
Canada breaks ranks
Mark Carney recognised the State of Palestine on 21 September 2025, minutes ahead of Britain and Australia, the first Group of Seven leader to do it. He said Israel's "sustained assault in Gaza has killed tens of thousands of civilians, displaced well over one million people, and caused a devastating and preventable famine in violation of international law." Canada had already sanctioned Israel's national security minister, Itamar Ben Gvir, and its finance minister, Bezalel Smotrich, in June 2025 for "extremist rhetoric advocating the forced displacement of Palestinians." In June 2026 it sanctioned the settler groups Regavim and Nachala. On 8 September 2026 Carney joined Britain and France in promising to ban goods from the settlements.
Israel's leaders had been going after Carney since before he won office. During the April 2025 election campaign, after Carney answered a heckler who shouted "genocide" at a Calgary rally, Netanyahu wrote that "instead of supporting Israel, a democracy that is fighting a just war with just means against the barbarians of Hamas, he attacks the one and only Jewish state." A month later, in a video naming Carney, Keir Starmer and Emmanuel Macron, he said: "When mass murderers, rapists, baby killers and kidnappers thank you, you're on the wrong side of justice." He never congratulated Carney on his victory. The two had still not met by July 2026.
Netanyahu met recognition with: "You are rewarding terror with an enormous prize. There will be no Palestinian state to the west of the Jordan River." His foreign minister, Gideon Sa'ar, said Canada and the others were "doing an immoral, outrageous, and especially ugly action."
Retaliation against Canada
Six Canadian MPs reached the Allenby crossing into the occupied West Bank on 16 December 2025 and were turned away. Among them were the Liberals Sameer Zuberi and Fares Al Soud and the New Democrat Jenny Kwan. Kwan said a Liberal MP "was pushed multiple times." Israel's embassy said it "will not allow the entry of organizations and individuals who are associated with designated terror entities," pointing to Islamic Relief money behind the trip's sponsor, The Canadian-Muslim Vote. Foreign Minister Anita Anand protested "the mistreatment of these Canadians."
Israel's Defence Ministry announced on 29 June 2026 that it was pulling its defence attaché out of Ottawa and would handle Canada from Washington. "The resources allocated for Canada will be directed elsewhere," Ambassador Iddo Moed said. It left Israel without a resident military attaché in Canada for the first time in more than a decade, the Algemeiner reported.
Israeli ministers and diplomats have spent two years saying Canada is unsafe for Jews and blaming its government. "Canada is no longer safe for Jews," the diaspora affairs minister, Amichai Chikli, said in December 2024. Housefather, a Liberal MP and one of Israel's most committed defenders in Parliament, answered him: "Minister, this is a false and exaggerated statement." Chikli came back in August 2025: Canada "had the chance to change course after the disaster of Trudeau's tenure, but instead chose to continue marching toward the abyss." His ministry published a report on antisemitism in Canada in October 2024 that named an Ontario legislator, Sarah Jama.
Moed set out the embassy's goal for 2026 on 17 March: "We have a very clear objective this year, and that is to create a significant change in the way antisemitism is being dealt with here in Canada." He added: "It is hard for a liberal person to think that we have to limit other people's freedoms, so that our freedom will be protected." When Canada announced the settlement ban he said: "We have seen over the past three years how quickly people take criticism against Israel to attack and intimidate the Jewish community of Canada." Israel's consul general in Toronto, Idit Shamir, had already called Canada "the launchpad" for Israel Apartheid Week and said "Canada, according to many, has abandoned Israel."
Sa'ar promised on 8 September 2026 to take "counter measures" against "other countries that act, or will act, against Israel." President Isaac Herzog said the settlement ban amounted to interference in Israel's election, the National Post reported. No new measure against Canada had been announced by 2 October.
The same treatment, ally by ally
Norway recognised Palestine in May 2024. On 8 August Israel's foreign minister at the time, Israel Katz, stripped eight Norwegian diplomats accredited to the Palestinian Authority of their status. "There is a price for anti-Israel behaviour," he said. Norway's foreign minister, Espen Barth Eide, called it "an extreme act that primarily affects our ability to help the Palestinian population."
Ireland recognised Palestine the same month and in December 2024 said it would join South Africa's genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice. Sa'ar shut Israel's embassy in Dublin on 15 December, citing "the extreme anti-Israel policies of the Irish government." Taoiseach Simon Harris said: "Ireland is pro-peace, pro-human rights and pro-International law."
Spain announced an arms embargo on Israel on 8 September 2025. The same day Sa'ar banned two members of the Spanish cabinet, Deputy Prime Minister Yolanda Díaz and Youth Minister Sira Rego, from entering Israel and accused Pedro Sánchez's government of antisemitism. Spain pulled its ambassador.
Australia announced it would recognise Palestine in August 2025 and cancelled the visa of Simcha Rothman, a member of Netanyahu's coalition. Sa'ar revoked the visas of Australia's representatives to the Palestinian Authority on 18 August. The next day Netanyahu called Anthony Albanese "a weak politician who betrayed Israel and abandoned Australia's Jews."
Netanyahu wrote to Macron in August 2025: "Your call for a Palestinian state pours fuel on this antisemitic fire." Macron's office called the charge "abject" and "erroneous" and said: "This is a time for seriousness and responsibility, not for conflation and manipulation."
Britain announced its settlement ban on 8 September 2026. Israel closed the British consulate in East Jerusalem, threw Britain off the Gaza coordination mission and barred British officials from entering. Smotrich demanded the British ambassador's expulsion and said: "We will not be a trampled doormat of an antisemitic government." Sa'ar said: "Whoever acts against Israel, Israel will act against them."
A threat to a prosecutor's family
Yossi Cohen, director of Mossad from 2016 to 2021, ran a personal campaign to make the International Criminal Court's chief prosecutor, Fatou Bensouda, drop her inquiry into Israeli conduct in the occupied territories, the Guardian, +972 Magazine and Local Call reported on 28 May 2024 after interviewing more than two dozen current and former Israeli intelligence officers, government officials, court staff, diplomats and lawyers. Cohen was introduced to Bensouda at the Munich Security Conference in 2017. In 2018 he walked unannounced into a meeting she was holding in a Manhattan hotel with Joseph Kabila, then president of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Between late 2019 and early 2021 he kept turning up and calling her. When she asked how he had got her private number, he replied: "Did you forget what I do for a living?"
Cohen told Bensouda a full investigation would be "detrimental to her career," the Guardian reported. Then he told her: "You should help us and let us take care of you. You don't want to be getting into things that could compromise your security or that of your family." Mossad obtained transcripts of secret recordings of her husband and covert photographs of him taken in London, and Israeli diplomats tried to use the material in a smear campaign against her that went nowhere. Bensouda reported Cohen's conduct to senior court officials, citing "threats and manipulation." One source described his tactics as "despicable" and compared them to stalking. A senior Israeli official told the Guardian that Cohen's activity was "authorised at a high level," and Netanyahu approved his trips to Congo.
Cohen's campaign was one part of a nine-year operation against the court run through Israel's National Security Council under the Prime Minister's Office, +972 Magazine and Local Call reported. Shin Bet, military intelligence and Mossad intercepted the calls, emails and documents of court officials, including Bensouda and her successor, Karim Khan. A covert Israeli legal team met court officials in The Hague between 2017 and 2019 with that intelligence in hand, to "feed [the chief prosecutor] information that would make her doubt the basis of her right to be dealing with this question," one source said. Another said Netanyahu was "obsessed, obsessed, obsessed" with what the court had. Israeli intelligence also spied on the Palestinian human rights groups sending evidence to the court, among them Al-Haq, Al Mezan, Addameer and the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights. Citizen Lab found Pegasus spyware on the phones of staff at Palestinian rights groups and of the Palestinian Authority officials Omar Awadallah and Ammar Hijazi. Defence Minister Benny Gantz declared Al-Haq, Addameer and four other Palestinian groups terrorist organisations in October 2021, reportedly drawing on the surveillance. By watching Palestinians in contact with Khan, Israeli intelligence learned in advance that he was considering applying for arrest warrants.
Bensouda opened a full investigation on 3 March 2021. Khan applied for arrest warrants against Netanyahu and his former defence minister, Yoav Gallant, on 20 May 2024, and the court's judges issued them on 21 November 2024. Netanyahu's office called the reporting "false and unfounded allegations designed to hurt the State of Israel." The Israeli military said its intelligence work targets "hostile elements" and not the court. Cohen and Bensouda did not respond to the Guardian. Canada, Britain, France, Australia, Ireland, Norway and Spain are all members of the court, and Carney said in October 2025 that Canada would arrest Netanyahu if he came to Canada.
Paying for propaganda
Israel spent about US$7.5 million a year on foreign propaganda, which its government calls public diplomacy or hasbara, before October 2023. It budgeted about US$150 million for 2025 and about US$730 million for 2026, according to Israeli budget reporting. Sa'ar has said such spending "should be like investing in jets, bombs, and missile interceptors," and that Israel "must wage both a diplomatic campaign aimed at leaders" and "a cognitive campaign targeting global public opinion."
Israel's Foreign Ministry and its advertising agency pay registered agents in the United States. SKDKnickerbocker was paid $600,000 to build "a bot-based program on various social media channels" that "floods the zone" with the ministry's message. Bridges Partners paid US influencers about $900,000 in a scheme the filings call the Esther Project. Clock Tower X, owned by Donald Trump's former campaign manager Brad Parscale, has received or been promised about US$46.5 million under a contract that includes "deployment of websites and content to deliver GPT framing results on GPT conversations." All three registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act. Netanyahu told US influencers in New York in September 2025: "You have to fight with the weapons that apply to the battlefield, and one of the most important ones is social media."
Meta took down another network "originating in Israel" in August 2026: 215 Facebook accounts and 1,044 Instagram accounts aimed at audiences in France, Britain, Australia and the United States, three of them countries that had recognised Palestine. Meta called it "influence-for-hire" for several clients and did not tie it to the Israeli government. No published figure shows what Israel spends on audiences in Canada.
Free trips for Canadian journalists
Twenty-seven Canadian media figures, from the Toronto Sun, National Post, Western Standard, True North, The Post Millennial, CBC, Global News and CTV among others, went to Israel on trips run by the Exigent Foundation between 2024 and 2026, The Maple found. They met Israel's deputy foreign minister. Exigent was founded in March 2024 by Larry Maher, Georganne Burke and Vivian Bercovici, a former Canadian ambassador to Israel. It will not say who pays. Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East, citing PressProgress, says Israel's government secretly funded the trips as recently as 2025. That report could not be obtained for this investigation, and the claim has not been confirmed.
Courting the far right
Amichai Chikli flew to Madrid in May 2024 to speak at Europa Viva 24, the annual rally of Spain's far-right Vox party, days before Pedro Sánchez's government recognised Palestine. He attacked Sánchez's stance on Gaza from Vox's stage and called the war "an existential battle for the future of humanity." Vox has had members with neo-Nazi links and once nominated a Holocaust revisionist as a parliamentary candidate, JTA reported, and Likud had previously kept its distance from the party.
Chikli then weighed in on France's snap election. Between the two rounds of voting, on 2 July 2024, he told Israel's public broadcaster Kan that Marine Le Pen as president would be "excellent for Israel," adding "10 exclamation marks." Asked whether Netanyahu agreed, he said: "I think I and Netanyahu are of the same opinion." Macron's camp was fighting Le Pen's National Rally in that vote.
Gideon Sa'ar's Foreign Ministry made the alignment official on 27 February 2025, lifting Israel's long-standing boycott of the National Rally, the Sweden Democrats and Vox while keeping Germany's AfD and Austria's Freedom Party off limits. "We do not want to isolate ourselves from potential allies in Europe, but we also do not want to legitimize neo-Nazi movements," the ministry said, according to Ynet.
Chikli invited Jordan Bardella of the National Rally, Marion Maréchal, Hermann Tertsch of Vox, Charlie Weimers of the Sweden Democrats and Kinga Gál of Hungary's Fidesz to an Israeli government conference on antisemitism in Jerusalem on 26 and 27 March 2025, a month after the boycott ended. The philosopher Bernard-Henri Lévy dropped out as keynote speaker. Germany's antisemitism commissioner, Felix Klein, and the former German MP Volker Beck also pulled out. President Isaac Herzog's own office said it was "surprised to learn of some of the invitees given the conference's stated purpose of combating antisemitism." Chikli said Israel had built ties with such parties because of "their strong support for Israel following the October 7 attack." The National Rally and Vox are opposition parties in France and Spain, both of whose governments recognised Palestine.
Israel's ambassador in Paris, Joshua Zarka, met Le Pen in April 2026 while Macron and Netanyahu were openly at odds over Gaza and Lebanon. Le Pen used the occasion to call Macron's criticism of Netanyahu's government "unworthy of the President of the French Republic."
Likud's route into conservative parties in allied countries runs through the International Democrat Union, a global alliance of centre-right parties. Stephen Harper, Canada's former Conservative prime minister, has chaired the union since February 2018. The union accepted Netanyahu's Likud as a member on 12 October 2018. The Conservative Party of Canada is also a member. In February 2024, four months into the Gaza war, Harper led a union delegation to Israel organised by Likud. The group met Netanyahu, Chikli, the then foreign minister Israel Katz, the Knesset speaker Amir Ohana and the government spokesman Eylon Levy, and was briefed on "the importance of global support for Israel as it fights a multi-front war for its existence," the union reported. The visit was organised by Gila Gamliel, a Likud minister and a vice-chair of the union. Harper had told the Knesset in 2014 that Canada would stand with Israel "through fire and water."
Chikli came to Canada in 2023 and met Pierre Poilievre, Melissa Lantsman and Leslyn Lewis. He urged Canada to move its embassy to Jerusalem. Sa'ar met Lantsman, by then Conservative deputy leader, in Jerusalem on 30 December 2025. The Conservatives called Carney's recognition "recognizing the Hamas State." Lantsman said the settlement ban was caving to "fringe voices." Poilievre promised in 2022 to move Canada's embassy to Jerusalem. No payment from Israel's government or from Likud to the Conservative Party or its candidates has been found.
From Israel trips to Alberta's Leave campaign
Vivian Bercovici, Canada's former ambassador to Israel, co-founded the Exigent Foundation in March 2024 and has worked for Black Cube, the private intelligence firm set up by former Mossad officers, The Maple reported. Exigent flies Canadian journalists to Israel to meet Israeli officials such as the deputy foreign minister. It refuses to say who pays. Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East, citing PressProgress, says Israel's government has secretly funded the trips; that has not been confirmed. Among those who went in 2025 were two of the Western Standard's senior Alberta journalists, the news editor and Calgary bureau chief Dave Naylor and the columnist Cory Morgan, and Keean Bexte, a former Rebel News reporter who now runs The Counter Signal.
Derek Fildebrandt, publisher of the Western Standard, argued for leaving Canada in a public debate with the political scientist Duane Bratt in July 2026. "We don't want to leave, we want to leave the country that has already left us," he told a Rebel News audience in June 2025. Morgan founded and led the Alberta Independence Party in 2000 and 2001. "We are about to take part in history. There's never been a referendum on independence in Western Canada," he said on a Rebel News stage in Calgary in May 2025.
The Western Standard went after Carney over Israel. "Carney betrays Israel with support for Palestinian state," read the headline on Linda Slobodian's column of 31 July 2025, the day after Carney announced his intention to recognise. "The prime minister's anti-reality views on Israel" followed on 10 August from Barry Cooper, the University of Calgary political scientist who co-wrote the 2021 Free Alberta Strategy calling for the province to act as a sovereign jurisdiction.
Ezra Levant, founder of Rebel News, who called supporters of Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East "Jew-baiters" and settled the group's defamation suit in 2020, hosted a Calgary town hall on 20 May 2025 under the banner "Western Canada is Done Getting Screwed," with Chris Scott of the Alberta Prosperity Project and Peter McCaffrey of the Alberta Institute, who said Confederation "can't be fixed." At Rebel News LIVE in Red Deer on 27 June 2025 Bexte said: "Albertans know exactly what they want: they want to be left alone." Levant said in February 2026 that the independence push "is not inherently anti-Canadian or unpatriotic." He has not said he would vote to leave.
Exigent's 2024 and 2025 travellers also included the Toronto Sun's editor-in-chief, Adrienne Batra, and its columnists Brian Lilley and Warren Kinsella, and the National Post's editor-in-chief, Rob Roberts, according to The Maple's list.
Albertans vote on 19 October on whether to begin the legal process of leaving Canada. No Israeli government money has been traced to the Western Standard, Rebel News, The Counter Signal or the Alberta Prosperity Project, and checks of the project's leaders, Jeffrey Rath and Dennis Modry among them, found no Israeli tie. The Financial Times reported that the project's leaders met US State Department officials at least three times from April 2025. Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East calls Israel's methods in Canada "rogue state behaviour" carried out through intermediaries. The Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs has taken no position on the referendum, and Calgary's Jewish community is split, the Canadian Jewish News reported. "Jews are just safer here now, and will be safer in a separate Alberta," said Steve Blumer, a home builder. Rabbi Mark Glickman of Temple B'nai Tikvah opposes separation.
The Canadian lobby
The Centre for Israel and Jewish Affairs met 63 MPs between the April 2025 election and December, a fifth of the House: 36 Conservatives, 23 Liberals and four from the Bloc Québécois, according to The Maple's count of lobbying records. Thirty-seven MPs and the deputy chief of staff to the prime minister sat in one CIJA session on 21 October 2025. CIJA called recognition "a reward for the October 7 terror attacks." Its chief executive, Noah Shack, said the settlement ban "reinforces a troubling double standard toward Israel." CIJA took about 800 parliamentarians to Israel between 1973 and 2023, when new lobbying rules ended the free trips. The UJA Federation of Greater Toronto, a charity that is not registered to lobby, then paid for a trip by five MPs, all of whom CIJA went on to lobby, The Maple reported. CIJA says all its funding comes "from the Canadian Jewish and pro-Israel community".
The Canada Revenue Agency stripped JNF Canada of its charitable status in August 2024 after finding it had paid for projects in the West Bank, East Jerusalem, the Golan and on Israeli military bases. The courts upheld the decision in June 2025. In February 2026 the agency revoked a second charity, the Canadian Zionist Cultural Association, which had sent $1.3 million to the Association for Israel's Soldiers. Canadian charities sent $362 million to Israel in 2022.
HonestReporting Canada, affiliated with an Israel-based media-monitoring group, sends out "Action Alerts" naming individual journalists, with their photos and email addresses, to a list it says has 60,000 members. When more than 150 Canadian journalists signed a letter in December 2023 condemning the killing of reporters in Gaza, the group said they "should never be allowed to report on the Arab-Israeli conflict again." Brent Jolly of the Canadian Association of Journalists said: "It's not democracy, it's dictatorship."
The Free Press, the US outlet founded by Bari Weiss and now owned by Paramount Skydance, ran a Canada column on 29 September 2026 under the headline "This Week in Canada: This Is What We Get for Recognizing Palestine." Rupa Subramanya's column treats Canada's $100 million aid package and its sanctions on Regavim as the price of recognition, and quotes Regavim's director general, Meir Deutsch: "We are more of a think tank."
The MP who lost his job
Sean Casey, Liberal MP for Charlottetown, was told by the Liberal whip in March 2026 that voting for a bill to stop Canadian military parts reaching Israel through the United States would cost him his job as a parliamentary secretary, CBC and Middle East Eye reported. He voted for it anyway. "I kept my word to my constituents and I voted in favour of the legislation," he said. The Prime Minister's Office replaced him on 25 September. He was the only parliamentary secretary among the 15 Liberals who backed the bill. Anand had said it would "decimate Canada's defence industry." No record or report found ties Casey's demotion to CIJA, the Israeli embassy or any other outside group.
What Canadian law says
Marie-Josée Hogue's public inquiry defined foreign interference in January 2025 as "a clandestine, deceptive or threatening activity by a foreign state, or those acting on a state's behalf, that is detrimental to the interests of Canada." Fake Canadian accounts run from Tel Aviv meet the deceptive part of that definition. Her report named China, India, Russia, Pakistan and Iran and did not name Israel. CSIS names the same five. Section 20.4 of the Foreign Interference and Security of Information Act now makes covert action on a foreign state's behalf to influence a Canadian political process a crime carrying life imprisonment. It came into force in August 2024, months after STOIC's accounts went dark.
What Canada has done about it
Canada has never publicly attributed the STOIC network to Israel's government. Global Affairs Canada said in June 2024 that it had raised "concerns" with Israel and has said nothing on the record since. CSIS's public reports name China, India, Russia, Iran and Pakistan as the main perpetrators of foreign interference in Canada, and the Hogue inquiry named the same five, without Israel. No Israeli official is publicly known to have been expelled or summoned over activity inside Canada, and no charge involving Israel has been reported under the foreign interference law passed in 2024.
Israel's foreign propaganda budget for 2026 is about US$730 million, up from about US$150 million in 2025. Clock Tower X's current US contract runs to 31 October 2026. Albertans vote on 19 October on whether to start leaving Canada, and two of the journalists Exigent took to Israel in 2025 write for the Western Standard, whose publisher campaigns for Leave.
Canada's foreign influence registry opened on 4 August 2026 under Commissioner Anton Boegman. It names no countries. Anyone acting for a foreign government to lobby a Canadian official, spread information or hand out money in Canadian politics must register, and arrangements with any foreign government that began before 4 August 2026, including Israel's, must be on the register by 3 October 2026.
